![]() provides detailed transformer-winding instructions and shows the final build, which looks very professional and tidy. As described, the transformer not only provides feedback to the transistor oscillator, but also has a winding that powers an incandescent pilot lamp, and provides taps for attaching antennas of different impedances - no external tuner needed. Most of the parts are junk-bin items, although the main transformer is something you’ll have to wind by hand. The circuit is flexible enough that almost any part can be substituted and the transmitter will still work. You’ll also have to learn Morse code because the minimalist build only supports continuous-wave (CW) mode, although it can be modified for amplitude modulation (AM) voice work. For starters, it’s only a transmitter, so you’ll need to make other arrangements to have a meaningful conversation. Of course, limiting yourself to eight components in total entails making some sacrifices, and ’s transmitter is clearly a study in compromise. ![]() And building this one-transistor transmitter is just about the simplest way to dive into the world of DIY radio. Scratch-building hams usually start by making their own antennas, but eventually, the itch to build one’s own radio must be scratched. The modulated signal is fed into the antenna which helps to transmit the EM waves generated by the current as it oscillates.What attracts a lot of people to amateur radio is that it gives you the ability to make your own gear. Therefore, by changing the base current you change the frequency of the oscillation which is how the FM (frequency modulation) signal is produced.Įmitting the FM signal is done by AE1 which is a long piece of wire. By altering the base current these values change as well and since the oscillation in the circuit is dependent on all capacitors and inductors in the LC tank, the parasitic capacitances also affect the frequency of oscillation. Between the base – emitter, base – collector, and collector – base, are parasitic capacitances whose capacitance value depends on the base current. Modulation is achieved thanks to parasitic capacitances inherent in BJT transistors. This increase in conduction results in C4 discharging and the whole cycle starting all over again. When this happens the voltage across R2 reduces which increases the size of Vbe and therefore increases the conduction of Q1. As C4 begins to charge the amount of current flowing through C4 reduces which results in less current flowing through R2. This increase in voltage on the emitter therefore results in a smaller value of Vbe and this reduction in Vbe reduces the conduction of Q1. Current flowing through R2 will result in a voltage drop across R2 and since R2 is connected to the emitter of Q1, the same voltage will be present on the emitter of Q1. This rush of current will also pass through C4 via capacitive coupling which will result in current flowing through R2. ![]() When power is applied to the circuit, a rush of current flows through the inductor. The oscillator consists of C2, L1, C4 and R2 with the frequency of oscillation being determined by C2 and L1 only. The next stage is the modulation/oscillation stage which provides a carrier signal which is then modulated by the input signal. R1 provides biasing for the transistor by feeding a small amount of current into the base (which prevents the transistor from turning off). C3 is used to couple the input signal so that no DC component is fed into the transmitter. Input signals into the FM transmitter must not contain a DC component as it would adversely affect the modulation/oscillation stage (by saturating the transistor) and therefore no FM signal would be generated. The input stage consists of capacitors C3 and C1, and resistor R1. The circuit has three main stages, the input stage, the modulation stage, and the output.
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